A fun detailed geeky video about a specific BMS chip that explains some of the innards of how BMS's work.
Stacks of lithium ion cells are used in new hybrid electric vehicles and uninterruptible power supplies. Maximizing the life and the safety of these high voltage, high power battery packs depends on sophisticated electronics.
Linear Technology's LTC®6803 Multicell Battery Stack Monitor is the key component in a battery management system. The precision, noise immunity, low current modes, and built in diagnostics of the LTC6803 are critical to maintaining the proper state of charge and state of health of every cell. The unique stacking architecture reduces system cost by eliminating isolation components. Comprehensive applications support helps customers quickly integrate the LTC6803 into their products.
http://blog.greentransportation.info/2011/10/multicell-battery-stack-monitor-ic-for.html